Tips On How To Review For ISPN Examinations
06
Vital Signs and Laboratory Values
生命体征与实验室值
Vital signs are a person’s temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure (BP), and oxygen saturation (pulse oximetry). 生命体征包括体温、脉搏、呼吸、血压(BP)、氧饱和度(脉搏血氧测定) Generally, pain assessment is also included as a parameter of vital sign in practice. The health status of an individual is reflected in these indicators of body functions. A change in vital signs might indicate a change in health. For example, Increase in temperature may indicate inflammation.
Vital signs are taken whenever the client is admitted to a health care facility or service, for example, home health care, clinic, or other ambulatory setting, and on a routine basis in the hospital. Baseline values establish the norm against which subsequent measurements can be compared.
The frequency of vital sign measurements for the hospitalized client is determined by the client’s health status, the prescribing practitioner’s orders, and the established standards of care for the particular clinical setting or service. Whenever a change is suspected in the client’s status, the nurse should measure the vital signs, regardless of the setting.
The key in reviewing vital signs and lab values is to remember the normal values of vital signs and laboratory results and their effects on health, because your nursing interventions may be based on these values and their relationship with medical conditions. Besides, factors that affect the measurement of vital signs and lab results are also very important. They are worthy of your special attention. Key points of this topic include: vital signs and their meaning to nursing 生命体征及其护理意义; considerations in taking vital signs 测量生命体征时需要考虑的问题; pain assessment and management 疼痛的评估及处理; and laboratory reference intervals 实验室值参考范围. These points are to be discussed in three parts: