《护理展望》2016年7/8月刊总第64卷第4期
Nursing Outlook
July 2016–August 2016Volume 64, Issue 4, p287-402, e1
Information for Authors e1
Guest Editorial
Utilizing MOST frameworks and SMART designs for intervention research p287–289
利用MOST框架和SMART设计进行干预研究
This year the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) is celebrating 30 years of nursing science at the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Patricia Grady, Director of NINR, spoke at the scientific symposium,Advancing Science, Improving Lives, that opened this anniversary year and discussed the tremendous impact our science has had on the lives of millions of Americans (“NINR's 30th Anniversary”, 2016).
Governance: An essential core competency p290–291
治理：基本的核心能力
It's campaign season! It seems to be a very long season as we have observed, listened, voted, and at times wondered about the quality, quantity, and tone of the Presidential debates for over a year now. I am concerned that our society may become weary and skeptical of the constant rhetoric about fulfilling all of society's needs and wants; followed by a long list of qualifiers about whose society, whose benefits, whose point of view. We often hear musings about whether a candidate is truly capable and qualified to “govern”? Elections seem to prepare us to choose a leader based on our worries.
Integration of biomarkers to advance precision nursing interventions for family research across the life span p292–298
通过生物标志物集成推动精准护理干预对居家照护进行终身研究
Integrating biomarker measurement into research protocols provides an opportunity for nursing scientists to identify underlying biological mechanisms that contribute to adverse health outcomes and to tailor and test precision nursing interventions.
A SMART design to optimize treatment strategies for patient and family caregiver outcomes p299–305
SMART设计优化患者治疗策略及居家照护结果
Sequential multiple randomization trial (SMART) designs are experimental designs used to identify treatment strategies that maximize targeted health outcomes. SMART designs are receiving greater attention in nursing and other health disciplines to develop multicomponent interventions that are tailored to the patient's (or family caregiver's) needs and preferences. A SMART design resembles a traditional randomized controlled trial (RCT) design in that it scientifically examines intervention effects with randomization. However, the two designs address very different research inquiries. In this article, we compare traditional RCT designs and SMART designs, describe the adaptive treatment framework that underlies SMART designs and key features of SMART designs, and illustrate the application of a SMART design to develop an adaptive palliative care treatment to improve patient and caregiver outcomes.
Family self-tailoring: Applying a systems approach to improving family healthy living behaviors p306–311
家庭自制：应用系统方法改善家庭的健康生活行为
Sequential multiple randomization trial (SMART) designs are experimental designs used to identify treatment strategies that maximize targeted health outcomes. SMART designs are receiving greater attention in nursing and other health disciplines to develop multicomponent interventions that are tailored to the patient's (or family caregiver's) needs and preferences. A SMART design resembles a traditional randomized controlled trial (RCT) design in that it scientifically examines intervention effects with randomization. However, the two designs address very different research inquiries. In this article, we compare traditional RCT designs and SMART designs, describe the adaptive treatment framework that underlies SMART designs and key features of SMART designs, and illustrate the application of a SMART design to develop an adaptive palliative care treatment to improve patient and caregiver outcomes.
Articles
Education
Strategic innovation between PhD and DNP programs: Collaboration, collegiality, and shared resources p312–320
PhD和DNA课程的战略创新：协作、共治和共享资源
At least 111 schools and colleges of nursing across the nation provide both PhD and DNP programs (AACN, 2014a). Collaboration between nurses with doctoral preparation as researchers (PhD) and practitioners (DNP) has been recommended as essential to further the profession; that collaboration can begin during the educational process.
Benchmarking and gap analysis of faculty mentorship priorities and how well they are met p321–331
对教师顾问属性及其满足程度的基准和差异分析
There is little consensus among faculty mentoring programs as to best practices. While there are recommendations in the literature to base faculty development programs on gap analyses of faculty ratings of actual and preferred performance in teaching, scholarship and service, no gap analysis was found in the literature.
Evaluation of a peer mentoring program for early career gerontological nursing faculty and its potential for application to other fields in nursing and health sciences p332–338
对早期职业性老年护理学教师同侪辅导计划及其在护理和健康科学其他领域应用潜力的评价
As the retirement rate of senior nursing faculty increases, the need to implement new models for providing mentorship to early career academics will become key to developing and maintaining an experienced faculty. This evaluation of a peer mentorship program for predoctoral and postdoctoral gerontological nurses examined its efficacy, utility, and potential for improvement.
Practice
A theory-based approach to nursing shared governance p339–351
基于理论的护理共同治理法
The discipline of nursing uses a general definition of shared governance. The discipline's lack of a specified theory with precepts and propositions contributes to persistent barriers in progress toward building evidence-based knowledge through systematic study.
A proposed model of person-, family-, and culture-centered nursing care p352–366
以个人、家庭和文化为中心的护理模型建议
For decades person-, patient-, family-centered, and culturally competent care models have been evolving and conceptualized in the literature as separate. To our knowledge, there has not been a systematic approach to comparing all four of these conceptual models of care.
Innovative nursing care models and culture of health: Early evidence p367–376
创新性护理模式和健康文化：早期证据
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation is committed to advancing a national movement to create a “culture of health.” Nurses are especially well positioned to contribute to the culture of health in their communities.
Workforce Policy
Improving collection and use of interprofessional health workforce data: Progress and peril p377–384
改善跨专业卫生人力数据的收集和使用：进展和危险
Policymakers and other stakeholders need robust data to understand how health care system changes affect the health care workforce and the care it provides, evaluate the effectiveness of health care finance and delivery innovations, and build an adequate supply of nurses and other health professionals to care for an aging and diverse population of patients. In 2011, the Institute of Medicine released a report that called for the creation of an infrastructure to collect and analyze interprofessional health workforce data and issued specific recommendations to reach that overarching goal.
Strategic modeling of the neonatal nurse practitioner workforce p385–394
新生儿开业护士人力资源的战略模型
Neonatal nurse practitioners (NNPs) play a vital role in the medical care of newborns and infants. There is expected to be a shortage of NNPs in the near future. To assess the present NNP workforce and study the impact of potential policy changes to alleviate forecasted shortages.
American Academy of Nursing on Policy
Position statement: Harmful effects of environmental noise exposures p395–396
立场声明：环境噪声暴露的有害影响
The American Academy of Nursing promotes the reduction of environmental noise, which is defined as unwanted or disturbing sound (EPA, n.d.). Sources of this noise include household equipment, recreational activities, concerts, roads, railways, airports, and industrial sites. Noise is more than an annoyance; it is a public health hazard, having a significant impact on the health of our nation and its economic well-being. It has been well documented that noise exposure contributes to hearing loss, tinnitus, heart disease, stroke, anxiety, stress, depression, learning difficulties, job performance, sleep disorders, and reduced cognitive abilities.
Council for the Advancement of Nursing Science
Council happenings p397–398
委员会事件
The Council for the Advancement of Nursing Science (CANS) will be holding its biennial State of the Science Congress in Washington, DC on September 15th to 17th at the Washington Hilton. The theme of the Congress is Determinants of Health. This theme is in accordance with the recently released National Institutes of Health (NIH)–Wide Strategic Plan (2016–2020) that identified health promotion/disease prevention as one of the advance opportunities in biomedical research. In concordance with the NIH-Wide Strategic Plan, The National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) has built on its Strategic Plan and delineated four key themes, one of which is Wellness: Promoting health and preventing illness.
Setting nursing science priorities to meet contemporary health care needs p399–401
设置护理科学优先满足当代医疗保健需求
Nurse scientists are challenged to generate new knowledge and use evidence-based knowledge to maintain health, address complex health conditions, enhance quality of life, and improve health care systems and delivery at a time of diminishing resources and increasing responsibilities. The mission of the Council for the Advancement of Nursing Science (CANS) is to promote better health through nursing science and as the national organization for nursing science, CANS serves as the collective, national voice for nursing science.
Erratum
Erratum p402
Frontmatter
Table of Contents A1–A3
Informations for Readers A5
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