ISPN Review Sensory Effects 感管效应
Drugs can affect the special senses, including the eyes and ears. Alterations in seeing and hearing can pose safety problems for patients.
药物可以影响特觉器官，包括眼睛和耳朵。视觉和听觉改变可能对患者造成安全问题。
Ocular Damage 眼睛损伤
The blood vessels in the retina are very tiny and are called “end arteries,” that is, they stop and do not interconnect with other arteries feeding the same cells. Some drugs are deposited into these tiny arteries, causing inflammation and tissue damage. Chloroquine (Aralen), a drug used to treat some rheumatoid diseases, can cause retinal damage and even blindness.
Blurring of vision, color vision changes, corneal damage, and blindness may be noted in assessment of ocular damage due to drug’s sensory effects. Interventions include monitoring the patient’s vision carefully when the patient is receiving known oculotoxic drugs; consulting with the prescriber and/or primary caregiver and discontinue the drug as appropriate; providing supportive measures, especially if vision loss is not reversible; and monitoring lighting and exposure to sunlight.
Auditory Damage 听觉损伤
Tiny vessels and nerves in the eighth cranial nerve are easily irritated and damaged by certain drugs. The macrolide antibiotics can cause severe auditory nerve damage. Aspirin, one of the most commonly used drugs, is often linked to auditory ringing and eighth cranial nerve effects.
Dizziness, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), loss of balance, and loss of hearing may be assessed. Interventions are as follows:
▪ Monitor the patient’s perceptual losses or changes.
▪ Provide protective measures to prevent falling or injury.
▪ Consult with the prescriber to decrease dose or discontinue the drug.
▪ Provide supportive measures to cope with drug effects.
Test 1. Central venous access devices are beneficial in pediatric therapy because:
A. They are difficult to see.
B. They cannot be dislodged.
C. Use of the arms is not restricted.
D. They don’t frighten children. 2. When considering the pharmacotherapeutic effects of drugs administered to clients, the nurse considers which property of most importance:
A. Efficacy
B. Interaction with other drugs
C. Potency
D. Toxicity
本期ISPN Review答案： 1. C. Use of the arms is not restricted.. The child can move his extremities and function in a normal fashion. This lessens stress associated with position restriction and promotes normal activity. Fear may not be eliminated. All lines can be dislodged. Even small catheters can be readily seen. 2. A. Efficacy. In pharmacology, efficacy is the maximum response achievable from a drug.
当前位置：
