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《ISPN学习》总第543期
日期:2019-10-10 07:13:40
《ISPN学习》2019年10月09日总第543期
你的坚持
令人感动
纵使荆棘遍地
依然一意孤行
因最近出差外地,编辑不便,网站《ISPN学习》暂停更新,等外出结束后补录。微信公众号继续更新不受影响。读者可登录微信公众号阅读当期内容。对由此给您带来的不便,深表歉意!
✪ From the Programs
(From thePrograms [课程选粹]栏目登载奥医网站及国外相关课程内容,旨在帮助读者了解ISPN/NCLEX-RN考试复习课程内容,并加深对考试相关内容的学习、掌握[课程详情见网站或点击阅读原文]。您的需要就是我们的努力方向。谢谢)
想提高专业英语听力吗?想边练听力边增加护理专业知识吗?《Listening -- Elementary》(专业英语听力 – 初级)可助你一臂之力。 |
✪ ISPN Review
Malaria 疟疾
Malaria is a parasitic disease that has killed hundreds of millions of people and even changed the course of history. The progress of several African battles and the building of the Panama Canal were altered by outbreaks of malaria. Even with the introduction of drugs for the treatment of this disease, it remains endemic in many parts of the world. The only known method of transmission of malaria is through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito, an insect that harbors the protozoal parasite and carries it to humans.
疟疾是一种寄生虫病,导致了几亿人死亡,甚至改变了历史的进程。几次非洲大战的进程及巴拿马运河的开凿都因疟疾暴发而发生变化。即使有了治疗药以后,它仍然在世界很多地区流行。疟疾唯一已知的传播方法是通过雌性疟蚊叮咬,这些疟蚊携带原虫寄生虫,并将其传播给人类。
Four protozoal parasites, all in the genus Plasmodium, have been identified as causes of malaria:
现已确认引起疟疾的四种原虫寄生虫都为疟疾原虫属,分别为:
• Plasmodium falciparum is considered to be the most dangerous type of protozoan. Infection with this protozoan results in an acute, rapidly fulminating disease with high fever, severe hypotension, swelling and reddening of the limbs, loss of red blood cells, and even death.
恶性疟原虫 – 属于最危险的原虫。感染后导致急性、快速的暴发性疾病,伴高热、严重低血压、肢体浮肿红肿、红血细胞丢失,甚至死亡。
• Plasmodium vivax causes a milder form of the disease, which seldom results in death.
间日疟原虫 – 所致疾病较轻,甚少导致死亡。
• Plasmodium malariae is endemic in many tropical countries and causes very mild signs and symptoms in the local population. It can cause more acute disease in travelers to endemic areas.
三日疟原虫 – 流行于很多热带国家,在当地人口中引起极轻的症状体征。也可以引起疫情区游客的急性疾病发作。
• Plasmodium ovale, which is rarely seen, seems to be in the process of being eradicated.
卵形疟原虫 – 罕见,似乎正被逐步根除。
A major problem with controlling malaria involves the mosquito that is responsible for transmitting the disease, which has developed a resistance to the insecticides designed to eradicate it. Over the years, widespread efforts at mosquito control were successful, with fewer cases of malaria being seen each year. However, the rise of insecticide-resistant mosquitoes has allowed malaria to continue to flourish, increasing the incidence of the disease. In addition, the protozoa that cause malaria have developed strains resistant to the usual antimalarial drugs. This combination of factors has led to a worldwide public health challenge.
控制疟疾所面临的一大问题蚊子。蚊子负责疾病的传播,而且已经对根治性药物产生耐药性。经过多年努力,蚊子控制工作取得了成功,每年已甚少见到疟疾病例。不过,杀虫剂耐药性蚊子的出现也已导致疟疾的继续活跃,增加了疾病的发生率。此外,引起疟疾的原虫已发展出针对普通抗疟药的耐药菌。多种因素结合,导致世界性公共卫生难题。
The parasites that cause human malaria spend part of their life in the Anopheles mosquito and part in the human host. When a mosquito bites a human who is infected with malaria, it sucks blood infested with gametocytes, which are male and female forms of the Plasmodium. These gametocytes mate in the stomach of the mosquito and produce a zygote that goes through several phases before forming sporozoites that make their way to the mosquito’s salivary glands. The next person who is bitten by that mosquito is injected with thousands of sporozoites. These organisms travel through the bloodstream, where they quickly become lodged in the human liver and other tissues and invade the cells.
引起人体疟疾的寄生虫,其寿命有一部分处于按蚊属期,一部分寄宿于人体。当蚊子叮咬感染疟疾的人时,它就会吸收感染配子母细胞的血液,包括雄性和雌性疟原虫。这些配子母细胞在蚊子胃部酱,产生合子,合子经过几个阶段,成为孢子体,进入蚊子唾液腺。此后被蚊子叮咬的人就会感染孢子。这些有机物经血液行走,并很快在肝及其他组织寄宿,侵入细胞。
✪ Vocabulary for Today
parasitic – a. 寄生的
endemic – a. 流行的,地方性的
anopheles – n. 疟蚊属,按蚊属
genus – n. 属,种类
Plasmodium – n. 疟原虫属
Plasmodium falciparum --恶性疟原虫
Plasmodium vivax --间日疟原虫
Plasmodium malariae --三日疟原虫
Plasmodium ovale --卵形疟原虫
gametocyte – n. 配子母细胞
mate – v. 交配
zygote – n. 合子,受精卵
sporozoites – n. 孢子体
尽快地从茫然中理清复习思路,准确地抓住复习重点,这是每一个考试复习者的一大愿望。“ISPN考试复习要点提示”即是帮您实现这一愿望的利器!该教程已在www.omedin.com陆续上线。 |
✪ Video
Malaria
✪ NCLEX-RN Experience
考试从来不易,前行者的经验可以使后来者少走不少弯路!
按:
Kaplan无疑是一本很有价值的复习用书,对于这位考生也是很成功。但国外著名的NCLEX-RN复习品牌还有很多,如Saunders、Hurst、UWORLD,等等,各有所长,关键是找到一本比较适合自己学习习惯的书。
下一期,我们将请75题通过2019考试的考生来聊一聊这些复习用书的特点及如何使用。
Retaking NCLEX
by Justlive123
I'm so lost. I have read a lot of reviews on how to study/prepare for the NCLEX and I don't know where to start. I failed it the first time and I'm retaking the exam. But I just want some ideas, advices, etc on what to do the second time around. Help!
Responded by nightflower, ASN,RN
I took the Kaplan course online. I believe Kaplan is why I passed my first try in 75 questions over a year and a half after graduating. They train your brain for NCLEX. They teach you exactly how to break down each question. I think if you follow their tree of thought, you're sure to pass. You must do a lot of practice questions. Do sets of them as if you were taking an actual exam. Become comfortable doing 200 questions at once to prepare yourself. Get relaxed but focused when you take practice tests (don't do it in front of the TV or with other distractions). Do you have any NCLEX apps? I would use apps for questions here and there (like waiting in line at the store, making food).
So...
Kaplan!
Lots of practice questions. READ THE RATIONALE! Even for correct answers.
Get good sleep the night before (or do your best to try to).
On the day of the exam: eat a good meal, don't overdo the caffeine, use the bathroom before you begin, wear layers in case you get hot.
Good luck!
✪ Test
1. Salicylic acid is prescribed for a client with a diagnosis of psoriasis. The nurse monitors the client, knowing that which finding indicates the presence of systemic toxicity from this medication?
A. Tinnitus
B. Diarrhea
C. Constipation
D. Decreased respirations
2. The health education nurse provides instructions to a group of clients regarding measures that will assist in preventing skin cancer. Which instructions should the nurse provide? Select all that apply.
A. Sunscreen should be applied every 8 hours.
B. Use sunscreen when participating in outdoor activities.
C. Wear a hat, opaque clothing, and sunglasses when in the sun.
D. Avoid sun exposure in the late afternoon and early evening hours.
E. Examine your body monthly for any lesions that may be suspicious.
(答案见下期)
奥医教育“在线自测”正式上线,复习练习、效果检验,奥医NCLEX-RN/ISPN题库一站完成。需要就来www.omedin.com。 |
上期答案
1. D.
2. B.
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