Indications: Management of manifestations of psychotic disorders; relief of preoperative restlessness; adjunctive treatment of tetanus; acute intermittent porphyria; severe behavioral problems in children; control of hiccups, nausea, and vomiting.
Actions: Blocks postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the brain; depresses those parts of the brain involved in wakefulness and emesis; anticholinergic; antihistaminic; alpha adrenergic blocking.
Pharmacokinetics: 药代动力学 Route 用药途径
Oral, intramuscular Onset 起效
Oral: 30–60 min
Intramuscular: 10–15 min Peak 达峰
Oral: 2–4 h
Intramuscular: 15–20 min Duration 持续
Oral: 4–6 h
Intramuscular: 4–6 h T 1/2: 2 hours, then 30 hours; metabolized in the liver, excreted in the urine. 半衰期：2小时，然后30小时；经肝代谢，随尿排出
Indications: Management of severely ill patients with schizophrenia who are unresponsive to standard drugs; reduction of risk of recurrent suicidal behavior in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.
Actions: Blocks dopamine and serotonin receptors; depresses the RAS; anticholinergic; antihistaminic; alpha-adrenergic blocking.
作用：多巴胺和血清素受体阻滞；RAS抑制；抗胆碱能作用；抗组胺作用；α肾上腺素能阻滞
Pharmacokinetics:药代动力学 Route 用药途径
Oral Onset 起效
Varies Peak 达峰
1–6 h Duration 持续
Weeks T 1/2: 4–12 hours; metabolized in the liver, excreted in the urine and feces. 半衰期：4-12小时；经肝代谢，随尿、粪便排出
prototype – n. 原型，范例
prototype drug –原型药
chlorpromazine – n. 氯丙嗪
adjunctive – a. 辅助的，附加的
adjunctive treatment -- 辅助治疗
porphyria – n. 卟啉病
hiccup – n. 呃逆
postsynaptic – a. 突触后
wakefulness – n. 觉醒
onset – n. 开始，起效
peak – n. vi. 峰值，达峰
T 1/2 – half life半衰期
clozapine – n. 氯氮平
schizoaffective – a. 情感分裂的
★Test ★ 1. The client admitted to the psychiatric unit diagnosed with schizophrenia is prescribed clozapine. Which laboratory data should the nurse evaluate?
A. The client’s clozapine therapeutic level.
B. The client’s white blood cell (WBC) count.
C. The client’s red blood cell (RBC) count.
D. The client’s arterial blood gases (ABGs). 2. The client diagnosed with schizophrenia is prescribed clozapine. Which information should the nurse discuss with the client concerning this medication? Select all that apply.
A. Discuss the need for regular exercise.
B. Instruct the client to monitor for weight gain.
C. Tell the client to take the medication with food.
D. Explain to the client the need to stop taking aspirin.
E. Encourage the client to quit smoking cigarettes.
1. B. The client’s white blood cell (WBC) count.
Weekly WBCs are taken because the client is at risk for fatal agranulocytosis. Initially, the clozapine (Clozaril), an atypical antipsychotic medication, will not be administered if the WBC count is not available. 2. A, B, E
(A) Clozapine (Clozaril), an atypical antipsychotic, can promote significant weight gain; therefore, the client should exercise regularly, monitor weight, and reduce caloric intake. (B) Clozaril promotes weight gain. (E) Cigarette smoking may decrease the effectiveness of clozapine (Clozaril), an atypical antipsychotic.
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