▶ Mental disorders are thought-process disorders that may be caused by some inherent dysfunction within the brain. A psychosis is a thought disorder, and schizophrenia is the most common psychosis in which delusions and hallucinations are hallmarks.
▶ Antipsychotic drugs are dopamine-receptor blockers that are effective in helping people to organize thought patterns and to respond appropriately to stimuli.
抗精神病药为多巴胺受体阻滞剂，可有效帮助人们组织思维模式，对刺激作出适当反应。
▶ Antipsychotics can cause hypotension, anticholinergic effects, sedation, and extrapyramidal effects, including parkinsonism, ataxia, and tremors.
抗精神病药引起低血压、抗胆碱能效应、镇静和锥体外系效应，包括帕金森综合征、共渡失调、震颤。
▶ Preadministrative assessment is important, which may include:
治疗前评估很重要，包括
• Assess for contraindications or cautions for the use of the drug including any known allergies to these drugs, severe CNS depression, circulatory collapse, coronary disease including prolonged QTc interval, brain damage, severe hypotension, glaucoma, respiratory depression, urinary or intestinal obstruction, thyrotoxicosis, seizure disorder, bone marrow suppression, pregnancy or lactation, and myelography within the last 24 hours or scheduled in the next 48 hours. In children younger than 12 years of age, screen for CNS infections.
• Assess temperature; skin color and lesions; CNS orientation, affect, reflexes, and bilateral grip strength; bowel sounds and reported output; pulse, auscultation, and blood pressure, including orthostatic blood pressure; respiration rate and adventitious sounds; and urinary output to determine baseline status before beginning therapy and for any potential adverse effects. Also obtain liver and renal function tests, thyroid function tests, ECG if appropriate, and complete blood count (CBC).
mental disorders –精神障碍
thought-process – n. 思维过程
inherent – a. 遗传的，内在的
psychosis – n. 精神病
delusion – n. 妄想
hallucination – n. 幻觉
hallmark – n. 标志
thought pattern – 思维模式
parkinsonism – n. 帕金森综合征
ataxia – n. 共渡失调
preadministrative – a. 治疗前的，用药前的
grip strength – 握力
adventitious – a. 偶然的，外来的，附加的
1. The client diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia is prescribed aripiprazole. Which statement best describes the scientific rationale for administering this medication?
A. It decreases the anxiety associated with hallucinations and delusions.
B. It increases the dopamine secretion in the brain tissue to improve speech.
C. It reduces positive symptoms of schizophrenia and improves negative symptoms.
D. It blocks the cholinergic receptor sites in the diseased brain tissue. 2. A nurse notes that a client withschizophrenia and receiving an antipsychotic medication is having uncontrolled movement of the lips and tongue. The nurse determines that the client is experiencing?
A. Hypertensive crisis.
B. Parkinsonism.
C. Tardive dyskinesia.
D. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
1. C. It reduces positive symptoms of schizophrenia and improves negative symptoms.
Like other antipsychotics, aripiprazole (Abilify), a DDS, treats the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, but it does so with fewer side effects than other antipsychotics. This medication does not cause significant weight and it poses no risk of anticholinergic effects or dysrhythmias. 2. C. Tardive dyskinesia.
Tardive dyskinesia is characterized by uncontrollable involuntary movements of the body and extremities (especially of the face, lips, mouth, tongue, arms or legs).
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