Indications 适应症
The CNS stimulants act as cortical and RAS stimulants, possibly by increasing the release of catecholamines from presynaptic neurons, leading to an increase in stimulation of the postsynaptic neurons. The paradoxical effect of calming hyperexcitability through CNS stimulation seen in attention-deficit syndrome is believed to be related to increased stimulation of an immature RAS, which leads to the ability to be more selective in response to incoming stimuli. The CNS stimulants are indicated, as part of a comprehensive treatment program, for the treatment of attention-deficit syndromes, including behavioral syndromes characterized by hyperactivity and distractibility, as well as for narcolepsy and improvement of wakefulness in people with various sleep disorders.
The CNS stimulants are contraindicated in the presence of known allergy to the drug, which could lead to hypersensitivity reactions. Other contraindications include the following conditions: marked anxiety, agitation, or tension and severe fatigue or glaucoma, which could be exacerbated by the CNS stimulation caused by these drugs; cardiac disease, which could be aggravated by the stimulatory effects of these drugs, making it important to rule out congenital heart problems; and pregnancy and lactation because of the potential for adverse effects on the fetus or neonate.
Caution should be used in patients with a history of seizures, which could be potentiated by the CNS stimulation; in patients with a history of drug dependence, including alcoholism, because these drugs may result in physical and psychological dependence; and in patients with hypertension, which could be exacerbated by the stimulatory effects of these drugs.
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