| |
|
|
|
 |
在线QQ：
 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
《ISPN学习》总第559期
日期：2019-11-23 19:20:46
《ISPN学习》2019年11月15日总第559期
Keep Trying no matter how hard it seems and it will get easier.
坚持不懈，难也变易
★ From the Programs ★
（From the Programs [课程选粹]栏目摘登奥医及国外NCLEX-RN（ISPN）课程视频讲座，旨在帮助读者了解NCLEX-RN（ISPN）考试内容，指导考生复习，加深考生对考试相关内容的学习、掌握[进一步了解请点击底部阅读原文]。您的需要就是我们的努力方向。
Diuretics 2
| 想提高专业英语听力吗？想边练听力边增加护理专业知识吗？《Listening -- Elementary》(专业英语听力 – 初级)可助你一臂之力。 |
★ ISPN Review ★
HORMONES AND HORMONE MODULATORS
激素和激素受体调节剂
Some cancers, particularly those involving the breast tissue, ovaries, uterus, prostate, and testes, are sensitive to estrogen stimulation. Estrogen-receptor sites on the tumor react with circulating estrogen, and this reaction stimulates the tumor cells to grow and divide. Several antineoplastic agents are used to block or interfere with these receptor sites to prevent growth of the cancer and in some situations to actually cause cell death. Some hormones are used to block the release of gonadotropic hormones in breast or prostate cancer if the tumors are responsive to gonadotropic hormones. Others may block androgen-receptor sites directly and are useful in the treatment of advanced prostate cancers. Hormones and hormone modulators include anastrazole (Arimidex), bicalutamide (Casodex), degarelix (Degarelix for Injection), estramustine (Emcyt), exemestane (Aromasin), flutamide (generic), fulvestrant (Faslodex), goserelin (Zoladex), histrelin (Vantas), letrozole (Femara), leuprolide (Lupron, Eligard), megestrol (Megace), mitotane (Lysodren), Nilutamide (Nilandron), tamoxifen (Nolvadex, Soltamox), Toremifene (Fareston) and triptorelin pamoate (Trelstar Depot).
有些癌症，特别是涉及乳腺组织、卵巢、子宫、前列腺和睾丸的癌症，对雌激素刺激很敏感，肿瘤上的雌激素受体部位与循环雌激素反应，反应刺激肿瘤细胞发育、分裂。有几种抗肿瘤药可用于阻断或干扰这些受体部位，阻止癌症生长，并在某些情况下，实际导致细胞死亡。有些激素在肿瘤对前列腺激素作出响应时，用于阻断乳腺或前列腺癌促性腺激素的释放。其他药物可以直接阻断雄激素受体部位，对治疗晚期前列腺癌很有效。激素和激素受体部位调节剂包括阿那曲唑（瑞宁得）、比卡鲁胺（康士得）、地加瑞克（注射用地加瑞克）、雌氮芥（Emycyt）、依西美坦（阿诺新）、氟他胺（通用名）、氟维司群（Faslodex）、戈舍瑞林（诺雷德）、组氨瑞林（万塔斯）、来曲唑（弗隆）、亮丙瑞林（Lupron、Eligard）、甲地孕酮（梅格施）、米托坦（米托坦片剂）、尼鲁米特（Nilandron）、它莫昔芬（诺瓦得士、Soltamox）、托瑞米芬（法乐通）、双羟萘酸曲普瑞林（普瑞林嘧啶）。
Therapeutic Actions and Indications
The hormones and hormone modulators used as antineoplastics are receptor-site specific or hormone specific to block the stimulation of growing cancer cells that are sensitive to the presence of that hormone. These drugs are indicated for the treatment of breast cancer in postmenopausal women or in other women without ovarian function. Some drugs are indicated for the treatment of prostatic cancers that are sensitive to hormone manipulation.
治疗作用和适应症
激素和激素受体调节剂作为抗肿瘤药，属于受体部位特异性或激素特异性药物，阻断对该激素存在敏感的生长期癌症细胞的兴奋。这些药物适用于绝经后妇女乳腺癌的治疗，或没卵巢功能的其他妇女。有些药物适用于治疗对激素操作敏感的前列腺癌的治疗。
Pharmacokinetics
These drugs are readily absorbed from the GI tract, metabolized in the liver, and excreted in the urine. Caution must be used with any patient who has hepatic or renal impairment. These drugs cross the placenta and enter into breast milk.
药动学
这些药物在胃肠道即时吸收，经肝代谢，经尿排泄。有肝或肾功能障碍患者就谨慎。这些药物可探索胎盘，进入母乳。
★ Vocabulary for Today ★
hormone modulator – 激素受体调节剂
estrogen-receptor site – 雌激素受体部位
gonadotropic hormones – 促性腺激素
androgen-receptor sites – n. 雄激素受体部位
anastrazole – n. 阿那曲唑
Arimidex – n. 瑞宁得
bicalutamide – n. 比卡鲁胺
Casodex – n. 康士得
degarelix – n. 地加瑞克
estramustine – n. 雌氮芥
Emcyt – n. 雌氮芥商品名
exemestane – n. 依西美坦
Aromasin – n. 阿诺新
flutamide – n. 氟他胺
fulvestrant – n. 氟维司群
Faslodex – n. 氟维司群商品名
goserelin – n. 戈舍瑞林
Zoladex – n. 诺雷德
histrelin – n. 组氨瑞林
Vantas – n. 万塔斯
letrozole – n. 来曲唑
Femara – n. 弗隆
leuprolide – n. 亮丙瑞林
Lupron – n. 亮丙瑞林商品名
| 尽快地从茫然中理清复习思路，准确地抓住复习重点，这是每一个考试复习者的一大愿望。“ISPN考试复习要点提示”即是帮您实现这一愿望的利器！该教程已在www.omedin.com陆续上线。 |
★ Video ★
Medications treating breast carcinoma
★ NCLEX-RN Experience ★
考试从来不易，前行者的经验可以使后来者少走不少弯路！
详细、适合自己的复习计划是通过NCLEX-RN考试的关键一步，今天的30天复习计划，为如何规划复习、制订复习计划提供了一个参考。
How to Study for the NCLEX in 30 Days
(By Kaplan)
Preparing for the NCLEX can be a challenging task! One of the questions many new graduates ask about their NCLEX prep is: How long do I need to study for the NCLEX? Recommended study times may vary depending upon the level of preparation needed and can range anywhere from 4 – 8 weeks. This article will provide a four-week strategy for how to study for the NCLEX in 30 days!
Week 1: Developing a Road Map (Study Plan)
First things first. You won’t know where you’re going without a road map. This week, spend 2-4 hours developing a study schedule. You can use a blank sheet of paper with thirty boxes or a digital or paper planner. If you already keep a personal calendar, consider integrating your study schedule with the system you already use. First, select an NCLEX Test Date and write it on your calendar. You can always change this later, but having a date to work towards will help guide your studying. Once your test date is set, work on scheduling practice tests, along with review and remediation times for filling in for the remaining dates leading up to test day.
The secret to NCLEX success is question exposure. Taking, reviewing and remediating as many test questions as possible is KEY! Plan to pull together practice question resources that will expose you to a minimum of 3500 questions. That might seem like a lot of questions. And it is! But the key to NCLEX success is answering questions, not studying content. There will be a time in your study when you will need to review previously learned content. For now, though, the goal is to get through as many questions as possible. For example: 3500 questions/28 days = at least 125 questions per day. Set a regular schedule to answer 63 questions in the morning and 63 questions in the evening. Follow each testing session with a review and remediation period of ALL the questions, not just the questions answered incorrectly. It is important to review all questions in order to ensure that you clearly understood why the correct answer was right and that it wasn’t just a lucky guess.
Weeks 2 & 3: Working Your Action Plan for NCLEX Success
Continue to work through practice questions, taking breaks after each testing session. Review and remediate the previous practice set PRIOR to taking the next practice set. Remediation is just as important, if not more important, than answering questions. This phase of NCLEX prep will not only help you understand your test taking style but also reinforce less familiar content. Having this content refresher may assist you in selecting correct responses on future practice questions, especially if you are able to gain a clear understanding of why you responded to or answered a question the way that you did.
Week 4: Countdown to the NCLEX
As test day approaches, your anxiety may begin to rise. Self-regulation techniques, such as mindfulness techniques (meditation, yoga, reciting positive affirmations) and exercise can help improve your focus and stamina while reducing anxiety. Negative self-talk may also cause a loss of focus and create additional stress. Here are a few stress relievers to get you through this last week:
Make sure you take regular breaks throughout study periods
Keep healthy snacks on hand
Stay hydrated. Drink lots of water, and low or no caffeine!
Go for brisk walks. Exercise will help allay anxiety and promote relaxation
Get adequate sleep. Plan your schedule so that you are getting at least 7-8 hours of sleep
★ Test ★
1. The 45-year-old female client with a family history of breast cancer asks the nurse, “Is there anything I can do to improve my chances of not getting breast cancer like my sister and mother?” Which statement is the nurse’s best response?
A. “There are medications and lifestyle changes to reduce the risk.”
B. “No. Clients that have a strong family history just have to hope they don’t get it.”
C. “You sound worried. Would you like to talk about how you feel?”
D. “Do any other relatives have breast or other female cancers?”
2. The male client diagnosed with prostate cancer is prescribed hormone suppression therapy. Which statement is the scientific rationale for administering this medication?
A. Statement suppression therapy will increase the client’s libido and the ability to maintain an erection.
B. Hormone suppression therapy shrinks the prostate tissue by destroying tumor cells during replication.
C. Hormone suppression therapy will cause the client to experience menopausal-like symptoms.
D. Hormone suppression therapy changes the internal host environment to decrease cell growth.
（答案见页 底）
答案
1. A. “There are medications and lifestyle changes to reduce the risk.”
Tamoxifen and raloxifene have been researched in the Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) trial and have proven efficacy in reducing the risk of breast cancer in women who have primary relatives with breast cancer. Lifestyle modifications such as consuming a low-fat diet and avoiding obesity are also recommended to reduce the risk of breast cancer.
2. D. Hormone suppression therapy changes the internal host environment to decrease cell growth.
Gender-specific cancers may replicate better in the presence of the hormones specific to that sex. Suppressing the androgens produced in the testes results in a reduction in the growth rate of the tumor.
上一篇：《ISPN学习》总第558期
下一篇：《ISPN学习》总第560期
|
|
 |
| |
|
|
当前位置：
