epiphyseal – a. 骨骺的
radiograph – n. X光照片
pretreatment – n. 预处理
precocious – a. 早熟的，早成的
precocious puberty – 性早熟
acne – n. 痤疮
athlete – n. 运动员
prowess – n. 英勇，超凡技术
masculinizing – a. 男性化的
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Drugs For Male Reproductive System 男性生殖系统药物
Children 儿童
These drugs are used in children as replacement therapy and to increase red blood cell production in renal failure. Because of the effects of these hormones on epiphyseal closure, children should be closely monitored with hand and wrist radiographs pretreatment and every 6 months. If precocious puberty occurs the drug should be stopped.
Adolescents who are prescribed androgens should be alerted to the potential for increased acne and other effects.
青少年被开雄激素时，应提醒其注意痤疮及其他效应增加的可能性。
Adolescent athletes need constant education about the risks associated with the use of anabolic steroids to improve athletic prowess and the lack of scientific evidence of beneficial effects.
必须不断教育青春期运动员，使用蛋白同化甾类提高运动技术存在风险，有利效应缺乏科学证据。
Adults 成人
Adults also need reinforcement of the information about anabolic steroid use and athletics.
成人也需要强化蛋白同化甾类使用和运动知识。
Women who are prescribed these drugs may experience masculinizing effects and may need support in coping with these body changes. Men who are receiving these drugs for replacement therapy may need to learn self-injection techniques and may benefit from information on depot forms or dermal systems. Periodic liver function tests are important in monitoring the effects of these drugs on the liver.
These drugs are not indicated for use in pregnancy or lactation because of the potential for serious effects on the fetus or neonate.
这些药物不适用于妊娠或哺乳期，因为可能会对胎儿或新生儿产生严重影响。
Older Adults 老人
Older adults may have problems with androgen therapy because of underlying conditions that are aggravated by the drug effects. Hypertension, heart failure, and coronary artery disease may be aggravated by the fluid retention associated with these drugs. Benign prostatic hypertrophy, a common problem in older men, may be aggravated by androgenic effects that may enlarge the prostate further, leading to urinary difficulties and increased risk of prostate cancer.
Many older adults have hepatic dysfunction, and these drugs can be hepatotoxic. Older patients should be monitored very carefully and dose should be reduced. If signs of liver failure or hepatitis occur the drug should be stopped immediately.
1. How often should men do a self-exam for testicular cancer?
A. Once a year
B. Once every 3 months
C. Once a month
D. Once a week
2. What is a risk factor for testicular cancer?
A. Old age
B. Never having children
C. An undescended testicle
D. High-fat diet
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ISPN/RN复习练习、效果检验一站完成。
答案 Answers 1. C. Once a month. Rationale: Most testicular cancers are found by men on their own. Talk with your doctor about whether you should do a testicular self-exam and how often you should do it. Some doctors recommend that all men do monthly testicular self-exams after puberty. If you do one, the best time is during or right after a shower or bath, when the skin of the scrotum is relaxed. 2. C. An undescended testicle. Rationale: Men born with a testicle that did not move down into the scrotum before birth are at a higher risk for testicular cancer. This is true even if surgery is done to move the testicle in the scrotum. Other factors that increase a man's chance of testicular cancer include abnormal testicular development; a family or personal history of testicular cancer; being younger than 35; and being white (white men are 4 to 5 times more likely to develop testicular cancer than Asian or African-American men).
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