push – n. 推动，决心
bee pollen – 蜜蜂花粉
Creatine – n. 肌酸
cimetidine – n. 西咪替丁
probenecid – n. 丙磺舒
trimethoprim – n. 甲氧苄啶
Damiana – n. 达米阿那
aphrodisiac – a. n. 壮阳的（药）
Spirulina – n. 螺旋藻
wild yam – 野山药
dehydroepiandrosterone – n. 脱氢表雄酮
disulfiram – n. 双硫仑
metronidazole – n. 甲硝唑
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Herbal and Alternative Therapies
草药和替代疗法
With an increasing awareness of the risks associated with anabolic steroid use and increasing pressures to make it difficult to get these drugs even illegally, there is an increased push in advertising of alternative or “natural” products that are reported to enhance athletic performance.
随着人们对蛋白同化甾类使用相关风险认识的增加及要求加大非法获取这些药物的难度的压力的增加，越来越多的在推动报道中声称可增强运动员表现的另类或“天然”产品的广告宣传。
Bee pollen: Reported to contain amino acids and other minerals and enzymes. There are no scientific studies regarding its effectiveness. Serious allergic reactions have been reported with the use of this product. Random studies have found a wide variety of ingredients in each product, depending on the season, growing conditions, and geographical area. 蜜蜂花粉：报导称，含有氨基酸及其他矿物质和酶。没有效果方面的科学研究。有报告称，使用这些产品有严重过敏反应。随机研究发现，各种产品根据季节、生长条件及地理位置不同而含有多种成份。
Creatine: Contains a substance that is found in muscle and naturally occurs in red meats and other dietary sources. No scientific data are available on its actual effects on energy or athletic performance. It interacts with many other drugs, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cimetidine, probenecid, and trimethoprim, and can cause serious effects on kidney functioning. Users should be advised to drink plenty of fluids while taking this drug and to monitor for swelling, muscle cramps, and dizziness. Suggested only for short-term use.
Damiana: Used to increase muscle strength, as an aphrodisiac, and to boost mental health. It can cause liver toxicity. It interferes with antidiabetic agents and causes elevated blood sugar concentrations. Users should report muscle spasms or hallucinations. 达米阿那：作为壮阳剂，用于增强肌肉力量；促进心理健康。可能引起肝毒性。影响抗糖尿病药，引起血糖浓度升高。使用者出现肌肉痉挛或幻觉必须报告。
Spirulina: Used to increase energy and boost metabolism. It may contain toxic metals and can cause serious reactions in children and pets. It interferes with vitamin B12 absorption. No scientific studies validate the claims of its effectiveness. 螺旋藻：用于增加能量促进代谢。可能含有毒性金属，可能使儿童和宠物出现严重反应。影响vit b12吸收。所称效果无科研证实。
Wild yam: Found to have many estrogen-like effects, this herb is used to increase athletic performance because it may contain a constituent of dehydroepiandrosterone used to slow the aging process and to improve energy and stamina. Preparations interact with disulfiram and metronidazole because they contain alcohol. It is known to be toxic to the liver. Users may experience estrogen-like effects, including breast pain. Users should be monitored closely and urged to report any adverse effects. Patients who are taking a prescribed androgen or anabolic steroid for a medical condition should be advised to avoid taking any of these herbal remedies because of a risk of adverse effects.
1. The nurse is teaching a male client to perform monthly testicular self-examinations. Which of the following points would be appropriate to make:
A. Testicular cancer is a highly curable type of cancer.
B. Testicular cancer is very difficult to diagnose.
C. Testicular cancer is the number one cause of death in males.
D. Testicular cancer is more common on older men. 2. A nurse is reinforcing discharge instructions to a client after a hydrocelectomy. Which of the following statements, if made by the client, would indicate a need for further education:
A. I should apply ice packs to the scrotum.
B. I should keep the scrotum elevated until the swelling has gone away.
C. The sutures will be removed by the doctor in 1 week.
D. I need to avoid sexual intercourse at this time.
奥医教育“在线自测”题库
ISPN/RN复习练习、效果检验一站完成。
答案Answers 1. A. Testicular cancer is a highly curable type of cancer. Rationale: Testicular cancer is highly curable particularly when it is treated in its early stage. Self-examinations allow early detection and facilitate the early initiation of treatment. The highest mortality rates from cancer among men are in men with lung cancer. Testicular cancer is found more commonly in younger men ages 20-40 years old. 2. C. The sutures will be removed by the doctor in 1 week. Rationale: A teaching from Nursing Test Bank said that hydrocele is an abnormal collection of fluid within the layers of the tunica vaginalis that surrounds the testis. It may be unilateral or bilateral and can occur in an infant or adult. Hydrocelectomy is the excision of the fluid-filled sac in the tunica vaginalis. The client needs to be instructed that the sutures used during the procedure are absorbable. The other options are correct.
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