《ISPN学习》2019年10月16日总第546期
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ISPN Review
Other Antiprotozoal Agents
其他抗原虫药
1. Therapeutic Action
治疗作用
The desired and beneficial action of other antiprotozoal agents is:
Inhibiting DNA synthesis in susceptible protozoa, interfering with cell’s ability to reproduce, subsequently leading to cell death.
其他抗原虫药的预期和有益作用：
抑制易感原虫的DNA合成，干扰细胞的繁殖能力，最终导致细胞死亡。
2. Indications适应症
Other antiprotozoal agents are indicated for the following medical conditions:
Treatment of infections caused by susceptible protozoa.
其他抗原虫药适应于下列情况：
易感原虫引起的感染治疗
3. Contraindications and Cautions
禁忌症与注意事项
The following are contraindications and cautions for the use of other antiprotozoal agents:
Known allergy to the drug. Prevent hypersensitivity reactions.
Pregnancy. Drug effects on developing fetal DNA and proteins can cause fetal abnormalities and even death.
CNS disease. Possible disease exacerbation due to drug effects on the CNS.
Hepatic disease. Possible exacerbation when hepatic drug effects occur.
Candidiasis. Risk of superinfection
Lactation. Can pass breast milk and cause severe adverse effects to the infant.
Tinidazole should never be combined with alcohol.
其他抗原虫药的禁忌与注意事项如下：
已知的药物过敏，防止过敏反应
妊娠。药物对发育中的胎儿DNA和蛋白质的影响可能引起胎儿异常甚至死亡
CNS疾病。因药物的CNS效应，可能加重病情
肝病。出现药物肝效应时，可能加重病情
念珠菌病。二重感染风险
哺乳。可能进入母乳，引起严重的婴儿不良效应
替硝唑不得与含酒精饮料合用
4. Adverse Effects
不良效应
Use of other antiprotozoal agents may result to these adverse effects:
CNS: headache, dizziness, ataxia, loss of coordination, peripheral neuropathy
GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, unpleasant taste, cramps, changes in liver function
Superinfections
合用其他抗原虫药可能引起下列不良效应：
CNS：头痛、头晕、共济失调、协调障碍、周围神经病变
GI：恶心、呕吐、腹泻、臭味、抽筋、肝功能变化
二重感染
5. Interactions 药物相互作用
The following are drug-drug interactions involved in the use of other antiprotozoal agents:
Alcohol: severe adverse effects with tinidazole and metronidazole. Avoid alcohol for at least 3 days after treatment.
Oral anticoagulants: increased bleeding with metronidazole and tinidazole
Disulfiram: increased psychotic reactions with metronidazole and tinidazole. Two weeks should elapse between tinidazole therapy and start of disulfiram.
与其他抗原虫药合用相关的药药相互作用如下：
酒精：与替硝唑和甲硝唑产生严重的不良效应。治疗后至少停用酒精3天
口服抗凝剂：与甲硝唑和替硝唑使用会增加出血
双硫仑：与甲硝唑和替硝唑使用增强精神病性反应。替硝唑疗法和开始双硫仑治病至少相隔两周
Vocabulary for Today
susceptible – a. 易感的，易受影响的
interfere – v. 干扰，影响
ataxia – n. 共济失调
disulfiram -- n. 双硫仑
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Video
Antiprotozoal Drugs of Choice
Test
1. The nurse is applying a topical corticosteroid to a client with eczema. The nurse should apply the medication to which body area? Select all that apply.
A. Back
B. Axilla
C. Eyelids
D. Soles of the feet
E. Palms of the hands
2. The clinic nurse is performing an admission assessment on a client and notes that the client is taking azelaic acid. The nurse determines that which client complaint may be associated with use of this medication?
A. Itching
B. Euphoria
C. Drowsiness
D. Frequent urination
（本期答案见页底）
本期ISPN Review答案：
1. A, D, E
Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed into the systemic circulation. Absorption is higher from regions where the skin is especially permeable (scalp, axilla, face, eyelids, neck, perineum, genitalia), and lower from regions where permeability is poor (back, palms, soles). The nurse should avoid areas of higher absorption to prevent systemic absorption.
2. A
Azelaic acid is a topical medication used to treat mild to moderate acne. Adverse effects include burning, itching, stinging, redness of the skin, and hypopigmentation of the skin in clients with a dark complexion. The effects noted in the other options are not specifically associated with this medication.
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