《ISPN学习》2019年10月18日总第547期
相识是缘，相知是福；
风雨兼程，不忘初心；
有您相伴，奥医感恩。
From the Programs
From the Programs [课程选粹]栏目登载奥医及网络课程材料精选，旨在帮助读者了解ISPN/NCLEX-RN考试复习课程内容，并加深对考试相关内容的学习、掌握[课程详情见网站或点击阅读原文]。您的需要就是我们的努力方向。谢谢）
| 想提高专业英语听力吗？想边练听力边增加护理专业知识吗？《Listening -- Elementary》(专业英语听力 – 初级)可助你一臂之力。 |
ISPN Review
Anthelmintics
抗蠕虫药
Anthelmintics are drugs used to treat infections caused by susceptible invading worms. Nematodes, trematodes, and cestodes are three major groups of helminths (worms) that infect humans. Anthelmintic drugs are aimed at metabolic targets that are present in the parasite but either are absent from or have different characteristics than those of the host. Most anthelmintics target eliminating the organisms from the host, as well as controlling spread of infections.
抗蠕虫药用于治疗易感侵入性蠕虫引起的感染。线虫、吸虫和绦虫是感染人体的三大蠕虫。抗蠕虫药针对寄生虫内的代谢靶标。这些靶标有的尚不在宿主体内，有的靶标的特征与宿主特征并不相同。多数抗蠕虫药的目标是消除宿主内生物，控制感染传播。
Helminthic infections, or infections in the gastrointestinal tract or other tissues due to worm infestation, affect about 1 billion people, making these types of infections among the most common of all diseases. These infestations are very common in tropical areas, but they are also often found in other regions, including countries such as the United States and Canada. With so many people traveling to many parts of the world, it is not uncommon for a traveler to contract a helminthic infection in one country and inadvertently bringing it home, where the worms then can infect other individuals. The helminths that most commonly infect humans are of two types: the nematodes (or roundworms) and the platyhelminths (or flatworms) that cause intestine-invading worm infections; and tissue-invading worms.
蠕虫感染有的是胃肠道内感染，有的其他组织的感染，约影响10亿人口，是最常见的疾病之一。这些感染在热带地区很常见，但也经常见于其他地区，包括美国、加拿大等国家。随着越来越多的人到世界各地旅游，旅游者在一个国家得蠕虫感染然后不经意间将其带回家，蠕虫随后感染其他个体，这样的情况并不少见。最常感染人体的蠕虫有两类：一类是引起肠内蠕虫感染的线虫（或蛔虫）和扁虫（或扁形虫），另一类是入侵组织的蠕虫。
Frequently, patients have a very difficult time dealing with a diagnosis of worm infestation. It is very important for the nurse to understand the disease process and to explain the disease and treatment carefully to help the patient to cope with both the diagnosis and the treatment.
通常，患者对付蠕虫感染诊断会经历一段困难期。因此，护士必须了解疾病过程，仔细说明疾病及治疗，帮助患者应对诊断及治疗。
Many of the worms that infect humans live only in the intestinal tract. Proper diagnosis of a helminthic infection requires a stool examination for ova (eggs) and parasites. Treatment of a helminthic infection entails the use of an anthelmintic drug. Another important part of therapy for helminthic infections involves the prevention of reinfection or spread of an existing infection. Measures such as thorough hand washing after use of the toilet; frequent laundering of bed linens and underwear in very hot, chlorine-treated water; disinfection of toilets and bathroom areas after each use; and good personal hygiene to wash away ova are important to prevent the spread of the disease.
感染人体的很多蠕虫都只寄居在肠道内。蠕虫感染的正确诊断需要粪便的虫卵和寄生虫检查。蠕虫感染治疗包括使用抗蠕虫药。蠕虫感染的其他重要疗法包括再感染的预防或现有感染的传播。措施包括如厕后彻底洗手；经常在高温、氯化水洗烫床褥内衣；马桶、浴室用后消毒；洗涤虫卵的一些良好的个人卫生习惯等，这些对预防疾病传播极为重要。
Vocabulary for Today
anthelmintic – a. 抗蠕虫的，n. 抗蠕虫药
nematodes – n. 线虫类
trematodes – n. 吸虫类
cestodes – n. 绦虫类
helminth – n. 蠕虫
infestation – n. 侵袭，感染
inadvertently – ad. 不经意地，不注意地
roundworm – n. 蛔虫，线虫
platyhelminth – n. 扁虫
flatworm – n. 扁虫
entail – v. 使成为必需
| 尽快地从茫然中理清复习思路，准确地抓住复习重点，这是每一个考试复习者的一大愿望。“ISPN考试复习要点提示”即是帮您实现这一愿望的利器！该教程已在www.omedin.com陆续上线。 |
Video
Echinococcus Life Cycle
Test
1. Silver sulfadiazine is prescribed for a client with a partial-thickness burn and the nurse provides teaching about the medication. Which statement made by the client indicates a need for further teaching about the treatments?
A. “The medication is an antibacterial.”
B. “The medication will help heal the burn.”
C. “The medication is likely to cause stinging every time it is applied.”
D. “The medication should be applied directly to the wound.”
2. The camp nurse asks the children preparing to swim in the lake if they have applied sunscreen. The nurse reminds the children that chemical sunscreens are most effective when applied at which times?
A. Immediately before swimming
B. 5 minutes before exposure to the sun
C. Immediately before exposure to the sun
D. At least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun
（本期答案见页底）
本期ISPN Review答案：
1. C
Silver sulfadiazine is an antibacterial that has a broad spectrum of activity against gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, and yeast. It is applied directly to the wound to assist in healing. It does not cause stinging when applied.
2. D
Sunscreens are most effective when applied at least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun so that they can penetrate the skin. All sunscreens should be reapplied after swimming or sweating.
上一篇：《ISPN学习》总第546期
下一篇：《ISPN学习》总第548期
当前位置：
