The antipsychotic drugs, which are essentially dopamine receptor blockers, are used to treat disorders that involve thought processes. Because of their associated neurological adverse effects, these medications are also called neuroleptic agents. At one time, these drugs were known as major tranquilizers. However, that name is no longer used because the primary action of these drugs is not sedation but a change in neuron stimulation and response.
The typical antipsychotic drugs block dopamine receptors, preventing the stimulation of the postsynaptic neurons by dopamine. They also depress the RAS, limiting the stimuli coming into the brain. They also have anticholinergic, antihistamine, and alpha-adrenergic blocking effects, all related to the blocking of the dopamine-receptor sites. Newer atypical antipsychotics block both dopamine and serotonin receptors. This dual action may help to alleviate some of the unpleasant neurological effects and depression associated with the typical antipsychotics.
neuroleptic – a. n. 安定的，神经安定药
typical antipsychotics – 典型性抗精神病药
chlorpromazine – n. 氯丙嗪
Thorazine – n. 托拉嗪
fluphenazine – n. 氟非那嗪
Prolixin – n. 氟非那嗪商品名
haloperidol – n. 氟哌啶醇
Haldol – n. 卤吡醇
loxapine – n. 洛沙平
Loxitane – n. 洛沙平商品名
molindone – n. 吗茚酮
Moban – n. 吗茚酮商品名
perphenazine – n. 羟哌氟丙嗪
Trilafon – n. 奋乃静
pimozide – n. 匹莫齐特
Orap – n. 匹莫齐特商品名
prochlorperazine – n. 丙氯拉嗪
Compazine – n. 康帕嗪
thiothixene – n. 替沃噻吨
Navane – n. 替沃噻吨商品名
trifluoperazine – n. 三氟拉嗪
1. The client admitted to the psychiatric unit experiencing hallucinations and delusions is prescribed risperidone. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
A. Provide the client with a low tyramine diet.
B. Assess the client’s respiration for 1 full minute.
C. Instruct the client to change positions slowly.
D. Monitor the client’s intake and output. 2. Antipsychotic drugs are indicated:
A. For treatment of Tourette’s syndrome.
B. For treatment of major depression.
C. As an adjunct in the management of seizures.
D. To cure psychotic disorders.
1. C. Instruct the client to change positions slowly.
A side effect of all types of antipsychotics is orthostatic hypotension (light-headedness, dizziness), which can be minimized by moving slowly when assuming an erect posture. 2. A. For treatment of Tourette’s syndrome.
Haloperidol (Haldol) is used for this syndrome. Major depression is an affective disorder. When psychotic symptoms accompany depression, antipsychotics may be used to manage the symptoms. However, this choice does not address that situation. Antipsychotics are used with caution in the presence of a history of seizures. Generally, the antipsychotics decrease the seizure threshold. Antipsychotics are used to ameliorate, reduce, or manage psychotic symptoms; they do not provide a cure.
当前位置：
