★Vocabulary★
hypothyroidism – n. 甲状腺功能减退症
pathophysiological – a. 病理生理学的
hypothyroid – a. 甲状腺功能减退的
vague – a. 模糊的，不清楚的
overlook – v. 忽略，没注意到
hypoactive – a. 活动减退的
coarse – a. 粗糙的，未加工的
puffy – a. 浮肿的，虚肿的
hypercholesterolemia – n. 高胆固醇血症
myxedema – n. 粘液水肿
mucopolysaccharides – n. 粘多糖类
periorbital – a. 眶周的，眼周围的
menorrhagia – n. 月经过多
habitual abortion – 习惯性流产
sterility – n. 不育
tapazole – n. 他巴唑
PTU – Propylthiouracil 丙硫氧嘧啶
synthroid – n. 辛思罗德（左甲状腺素钠制剂）
Inderal – n. 心得安
Hypothyroidism is a lack of sufficient levels of thyroid hormones to maintain a normal metabolism. This condition occurs in a number of pathophysiological states:
甲状腺功能减退指缺乏足够的维持正常代谢所需的甲状腺激素浓度。一些病理生理学状态会出现这一疾病：
l Absence of the thyroid gland
甲状腺缺失
l Lack of sufficient iodine in the diet to produce the needed level of thyroid hormone
饮食中缺乏足够的碘来产生需要的甲状腺激素水平
l Lack of sufficient functioning thyroid tissue due to tumor or autoimmune disorders
因肿瘤或自身免疫疾病，缺乏充分发挥功能的甲状腺组织
l Lack of TSH due to pituitary disease
缺乏TSH，由垂体病引起
l Lack of TRH related to a tumor or disorder of the hypothalamus
缺乏TRH，与肿瘤或下丘脑障碍有关
Hypothyroidism is the most common type of thyroid dysfunction. It is estimated that approximately 5 to 10% of women older than 50 years of age are hypothyroid. Hypothyroidism is also a common finding in elderly men. The symptoms of hypothyroidism can be varied and vague, such as obesity and fatigue, and are frequently overlooked or mistaken for signs of normal aging.
Signs and Symptoms of Hypothyroidism 甲状腺功能减退症的症状体征
CNS depressed: hypoactive reflexes, lethargy, sleepiness, slow speech, emotional dullness
CNS受抑；反射减弱、倦怠、嗜睡、言语迟缓、情感迟钝
CV system depressed: bradycardia, hypotension, anemia, oliguria, decreased sensitivity to catecholamines
CV系统受抑：心搏徐缓、低血压、贫血、少尿、儿茶酚胺敏感性下降
Skin, hair, and nails Skin is pale, coarse, dry, thickened; puffy eyes and eyelids, hair is coarse and thin; hair loss; nails are thick and hard
皮肤、毛发、指（趾）甲 皮肤苍白、粗糙、干燥、增厚；双眼和眼睑浮肿；毛发粗糙、稀少；脱发；指（趾）甲厚、硬
Metabolic rate decreased: Lower body temperature; intolerance to cold; decreased appetite, higher levels of fat and cholesterol; weight gain, hypercholesterolemia
代谢率受抑：体温低；不耐冷；食欲下降，脂肪和胆固醇水平升高；体重增加；高胆固醇血症
Generalized myxedema; accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in the heart, tongue, and vocal cords; periorbital edema, cardiomyopathy, hoarseness, and thickened speech
全身性粘液水肿；心脏、舌和声带粘多糖积累；眶周水肿；心肌病；声嘶；声音粗厚
Ovaries’ function decreased: Menorrhagia, habitual abortion, sterility, decreased sexual function
卵巢功能下降：月经过多，习惯性流产，不育，性功能下降
Goiter rare; simple nontoxic type may occur
甲状腺肿罕见；可能有单纯、无毒性型甲状腺肿
★Video ★
Hypothyroidism and Graves’ Disease
★Test ★
1. A patient reports they do not eat enough iodine in their diet. What condition are they most susceptible to?
A. Pheochromocytoma
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Thyroid Storm
D. Hypothyroidism
2. A patient is being discharged home for treatment of hypothyroidism. Which medication is mostcommonly prescribed for this condition?
A. Tapazole
B. PTU (Propylthiouracil)
C. Synthroid
D. Inderal
奥医教育“在线自测”题库
ISPN/RN复习练习、效果检验一站完成。
答案 Answers
1. D: Hypothyroidism
Rationale: Iodine helps make T3 and T4. If a person does not consume enough iodine they are at risk for developing hypothyroidism. 2. C: Synthroid
Rationale: Synthroid is the only medication listed that treats hypothyroidism. All the other medications are used for hyperthyroidism.
当前位置：
