★Vocabulary★
hyperthyroidism – n. 甲状腺功能亢进症
Graves’ disease – 格雷夫斯病
goiter – n. 甲状腺肿
thyroxine – n. 甲状腺素
hyperactive – a. 活动亢进的
nervousness – n. 神经质，神经过敏
insomnia – n. 失眠（症）
palpitation – n. 心悸
overactive – a. 过度活跃的
muscle wasting – 肌肉消瘦
thyroid myopathy -- 甲状腺性肌病
ocular muscles – 眼外肌
lid lag – 睑后退
oligomenorrhea – n. 月经稀发
amenorrhea – n. 无月经，闭经
diffuse – a. 发散的
vascular – a. 有脉管的，血管的
Hyperthyroidism occurs when excessive amounts of thyroid hormones are produced and released into the circulation. Graves’ disease, a poorly understood condition that is thought to be an autoimmune problem, is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. Goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland) is an effect of hyperthyroidism, which occurs when the thyroid is overstimulated by TSH. This can happen if the thyroid gland does not make sufficient thyroid hormones to turn off the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary; in the body’s attempt to produce the needed amount of thyroid hormone, the thyroid is continually stimulated by increasing levels of TSH..
Hyperthyroidism may be treated by surgical removal of the gland or portions of the gland, treatment with radiation to destroy parts or all of the gland, or drug treatment to block the production of thyroxine in the thyroid gland or to destroy parts or all of the gland. The metabolism of these patients then must be regulated with replacement thyroid hormone therapy.
CV system stimulated: Tachycardia, palpitations, increased pulse pressure, systolic hypertension, increased sensitivity to catecholamines
CV系统受刺激：心动过速、心悸、脉压增加、收缩性高血压、儿茶酚胺敏感性增强
Skin, hair, and nails Skin is flushed, warm, thin, moist, sweating; hair is fine and soft; nails are soft and thin
皮肤、毛发、指（趾）甲 皮肤潮红、温热、薄、潮湿、出汗；毛发细、软；指（趾）甲软、薄
Metabolic rate increased: overactive cellular metabolism; low-grade fever; intolerance to heat; increased appetite with weight loss; muscle wasting and weakness; thyroid myopathy
代谢率增强：细胞代谢增加、过度；低烧；不耐热；食欲增加体重减轻；肌肉消瘦、无力；甲状腺性肌病
Generalized myxedema: Localized with accumulation of mucopolysac-charides in eyeballs, ocular muscles; periorbital edema, lid lag, exophthalmos; pretibial edema
全身性粘液水肿：眼球、眼外肌局部粘多糖积累；眶周水肿；睑后退；眼球突出；胫前水肿
Ovaries function altered; tendency toward oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea
卵巢功能改变；有月经稀少倾向；闭经
Goiter：Diffuse, highly vascular, very frequent
甲状腺肿：发散、高脉管性、极频繁
★Video ★
Hyper- vs hypo-thyroidism
★Test ★
1. Which of the following are treatment options for hyperthyroidism? Select all that apply.
A. Thyroidectomy
B. Methimazole
C. Liothyronine Sodium “Cytomel”
D. Radioactive Iodine 2. A patient is admitted with complaints of palpations, excessive sweating, and unable to tolerate heat. In addition, the patient voices concern about how her appearance has changed over the past year. The patient presents with protruding eyeballs and pretibial myxedema on the legs and feet. Which of the following is the likely cause of the patient’s signs and symptoms?
A. Thyroiditis
B. Deficiency of iodine consumption
C. Grave’s Disease
D. Hypothyroidism
奥医教育“在线自测”题库
ISPN/RN复习练习、效果检验一站完成。
答案 Answers 1. A, B, and D.
Rationale: Liothyronine Sodium “Cytomel” is a treatment for hypothyroidism. All the other options are for hyperthyroidism. 2. C: Grave’s Disease
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