ISPN Review Nursing Considerations for Patients Receiving Agents for Influenza A and Respiratory Viruses A型流感和呼吸系统病毒治疗患者的护理考虑
Assessment: History and Examination 评估:病史与检查
• Assess for contraindications or cautions: known history of allergy to antivirals to avoid hypersensitivity reactions; history of liver or renal dysfunction that might interfere with drug metabolism and excretion; and current status related to pregnancy or lactation.
•评估有无禁忌症及注意事项:已知的抗病毒药过敏史,避免超敏反应;评估可能影响药物代谢和排泄的肝或肾功能障碍史;妊娠或哺乳相关状况。
• Perform a physical assessment to establish baseline data for evaluating the effectiveness of the drug and the occurrence of any adverse effects associated with drug therapy.
•进行体格检查,确立评估药物治疗效果所需要的基线数据及与药物疗法相关的不良效应发生率。
• Assess for orientation and reflexes to evaluate any CNS effects of the drug; vital signs (temperature, respiratory rate, breath sounds for adventitious sounds) to assess for signs and symptoms of the viral infection; blood pressure to monitor for orthostatic hypotension; urinary output to monitor genitourinary (GU) effects of the drug; and renal and hepatic function tests to determine baseline function of these organs.
Nursing diagnoses related to drug therapy might include the following:
• Acute Pain related to GI, CNS, or GU effects of the drug
• Disturbed Sensory Perception (Kinesthetic) related to CNS effects of the drug
• Deficient Knowledge regarding drug therapy
•与药物疗法相关的护理诊断可能包括如下情况:
•急性痛,与药物的GI、CNS或GU效应相关
•感官感觉混乱(动觉),与药物的CNS效应相关
•知识缺乏,与药物疗法相关 Implementation With Rationale 实施及原理说明
• Start the drug regimen as soon after exposure to the virus as possible to enhance effectiveness and decrease the risk of complications due to viral infection.
• Administer influenza A vaccine before the flu season begins, if at all possible, to decrease the risk of contracting the flu and decrease the risk of complications.
• Administer the full course of the drug to obtain the full beneficial effects.
• Provide safety provisions if CNS effects occur to protect the patient from injury.
• Instruct the patient about the appropriate dosage scheduling regimen; safety precautions, including changing position slowly and avoiding driving and hazardous tasks, that should be taken if CNS effects occur; and the need to report any adverse effects such as difficulty walking or talking to enhance patient knowledge about drug therapy and to promote compliance.
• Monitor patient response to the drug (prevention of respiratory flu-like symptoms; alleviation of flu-like symptoms).
• Monitor for adverse effects (changes in orientation and affect, blood pressure, urinary output).
• Determine the effectiveness of the teaching plan (patient can name the drug, dosage, possible adverse effects to watch for, and specific measures to help to avoid or minimize adverse effects).
• Monitor the effectiveness of comfort and safety measures and compliance with the regimen.
Video Nursing Considerations for Pt. Taking Influenza A Drugs
Test 1. Which enzyme is essential for the maturation of infectious viruses?
A. Reverse transcriptase
B. Protease
C. Nucleosidase
D. CCR5-ase
2. A senior nurse would be correct to advise her colleague to monitor which parameter in patients receiving cyclosporine and zidovudine at the same time?
A. Skin lesion, temperature, and color
B. Flu-like symptoms
C. Level of consciousness
D. CBC with differential count