ISPN Review PATIENT TEACHING FOR HIV Patients HIV患者宣教
A combination of antiviral drugs has been prescribed to treat HIV infection. These drugs work in combination to stop the replication of HIV, to control AIDS, and to maintain the functioning of the immune system. A schedule will be plotted out to show exactly when to take each of the drugs.
It is very important that one takes all of the drugs and that he/she sticks to this schedule to ensure that the drugs can be effective and won’t encourage the development of resistant strains of the virus.
服用所有的药物，坚持按用药一览表服药，这对确保用药有效、防止病毒耐药菌株出现非常重要。
These drugs are not a cure for HIV, AIDS, or ARC. Opportunistic infections may occur, and regular medical follow-up should be sought to deal with the disease.
这些药物不能治愈HIV、AIDS、或ARC。可能会出现机会性感染，因此，必须定期随访以应对疾病。
These drugs do not reduce the risk of transmission of HIV to others by sexual contact or by blood contamination; use appropriate precautions.
这些药物也不会减少性接触、血液污染所带来的HIV传染风险。所以，依然要采取适当的预防措施。
Common effects of these drugs include the following: 药物常见效应如下：
• Dizziness, weakness, and loss of feeling: Change positions slowly. If you feel drowsy, avoid driving and dangerous activities.
• Headache, fever, muscle aches: Analgesics may be ordered to alleviate this discomfort. Consult with your health care provider.
• Nausea, loss of appetite, change in taste: Small, frequent meals may help. It is important to try to maintain good nutrition. Consult your health care provider if this becomes a severe problem.
• Report any of the following to your health care provider: excessive fatigue, lethargy, severe headache, difficulty breathing, or skin rash.
• Avoid over-the-counter medications and herbal therapies; many of them interact with your drugs and may make them ineffective. If you feel that you need one of these, check with your health care provider first.
• Schedule regular medical evaluations, including blood tests, which are needed to monitor the effects of these drugs on your body and to adjust doses as needed.
• Tell any doctor, nurse, or other health care provider that you are taking these drugs.
• Keep these drugs and all medications out of the reach of children. Do not share these drugs with other people.
Test 1. The nurse is instructing an unlicensed health care worker on the care of the client with HIV who also has active genital herpes. Which statement by the health care worker indicates effective teaching of standard precautions?
A. ''I need to know my HIV status, so I must get tested before caring for any clients."
B. ''Putting on a gown and gloves will cover up the itchy sores on my elbows.''
C. ''Washing my hands and putting on a gown and gloves is what I must do before starting care.''
D. ''I will wash my hands before going into the room, and then put on gown and gloves only for direct contact with the client's genitals."
2. Which statement made to the nurse by a health care worker assigned to care for the client with HIV indicates a breach of confidentiality and requires further education by the nurse?
A. ''I told the family members they needed to wash their hands when they enter and leave the room.''
B. ''The other health care worker and I were out in the hallway discussing how we were concerned about getting HIV from our client, so no one could hear us in the client's room.''
C. ''Yes, I understand the reasons why I have to wear gloves when I bathe my client.''
D. ''The client's spouse told me she got HIV from a blood transfusion.''
1. C. ''Washing my hands and putting on a gown and gloves is what I must do before starting care.'' Standard precautions include whatever personal protective equipment (PPE) is necessary for the prevention of transmission of HIV and genital herpes.
2. B. ''The other health care worker and I were out in the hallway discussing how we were concerned about getting HIV from our client, so no one could hear us in the client's room.''
Discussing this client's illness outside the client's room is a breach of confidentiality.
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