《ISPN学习》2019年06月17日总第498期
 

 

Pharmacology is challenging in preparing for NCLEX-RN or ISPN examinations. It may require straight memorization and repetition as well as deep thinking and understanding. The most frustrating feeling you may get when you want to review pharmacology, to most of us, is that you may well be at a loss what to start with. Therefore, it will be helpful if you take some time to develop a routine that works for you and carry it out through the full course of your preparation. Below are some pieces of advice:
药理学是NCLEX-RN或ISPN考试复习准备最具挑战性的一项任务，需要不断地记忆、重复及思考理解。当你想要开始药理学复习时，最使你感到沮丧的是，你竟然不知从何着手。因此，花些时间找到并养成一种对你有助的复习习惯并贯穿始终，将对你非常有用。以下是一些建议。

One can find pharmacological books intended for NCLEX-RN or ISPN preparation both on and off line. Each book has its own merits and demerits, characteristic of its own writing styles or organization of information. Some may focus on, for example, the description of therapeutic usage of the drug; others may emphasize nursing aspects of a drug. Anyway, they are written for most of the test-takers, not for you. Therefore, they are unnecessarily the best right for you. You’d better look at some of them briefly and then choose a book that is fit for your habit of learning and in accord with your way of thinking. The book should be logically organized in a manner that you find easy to understand and memorize.
线上线下指在NCLEX-RN或ISPN复习准备的书很多，每种书都有自身的优点和不足，有自己独有的写作风格或信息组织模式。有的强调药物治疗的说明，有的重点在药物护理应用。不过，这些书都是面向大多数，不是专为你写的。因此，不一定都适合你。你最好大致了解一下，然后挑选一本最适合自己学习习惯和思维方式的书，而且，材料的组织也使你理解和记忆起来比较容易。

Whenever you come across a medicine, you should try to learn the particular points of the medicine inside and out: action of a drug tells you how the drug works in the body and why the drug is used in certain people; adverse reactions, contraindications, and cautions are the points that remind you to pay special attention to when administering; nursing considerations and client teaching help you to understand and memorize administration concerns, patient education, and vital information that urges you to use nursing judgment.
碰到一种药物时，应尽量彻底掌握该药物最为重要的内容：药物作用说明药物在体内的作用及使用原因；不良反应、禁忌症及注意事项提醒你给药时要特别注意；护理措施、患者宣教有助于你记住给药相关问题、患者宣教及其他促使你进行护理判断的重要信息。

Be aware of the fact that there is no short cut around things like prefixes, suffixes, generic and trade names, and dosages. You have to overcome them one by one. You can create flashcards and index cards; you can use a learning book in your mobile’s dictionary; you can download an app of this help… They are helpful and time saving. They allow you to study or review whenever and wherever you like.
要认清事实，知道前缀、后缀、通用名、商标名及剂量等的记忆无捷径可走，必须一个一个加以克服。你可以做些识字卡、索引卡；可以利用手机词典的学习本；可以下载有用app……，这些都会对你有用，可以节约时间，使你可以随时随地进行学习、复习。

Don’t just try to cram it all the night before – that’s too much to retain at once. Work out a plan for a certain period of content review. For example, use today to create your flashcards and your first time going over the mechanism of action; schedule one hour tomorrow for focused review of the mechanism of action over again; take a 5 minute break, and then spend the rest of the time on drilling cards. During downtime throughout the day (on the bus, in the elevator, waiting for your doctor’s appointment, whatever) go through some more cards. If you can devote a specific amount of time each day to this, it makes the task much more manageable than trying to understand and remember it all within a day or two.
不要试图一个晚上就能把所有这些都塞进你的脑袋，太多了，不可能一下就记住。你要各内容复习规划一个时间表。例如，今天用于做些识字卡，并首次看一遍药物作用机制；明天用1小时时间再重点复习一下药物的作用机制；休息5分钟；然后把余下时间放在做练习卡上。在白天非工作时间（如乘车、坐电梯、等候医生预约，等等），可以过一些卡片。如果你每天可以专门抽一定时间做这项工作，那就要比专门用一二天时间来理解、记忆高效多了。

Medications come up over and over again and may be applicable in multiple courses. You’ll learn about one medicine in your OB/women’s health course, but see it again in med-surg and/or critical care as well. Keep track of notes, paper or electronic flashcards, and memory devices. Even if they’re ridiculous or inappropriate – if it works for you, it works. And don’t make the mistake of forgetting the awesome memory device you created – make sure you write it down! That way when you go back to studying for another course, you can pick up where you left off rather than trying to think of another way to remember the information.
药物是可以经常碰到的，在多种课程中都用得到。某种药物在妇科健康课程中碰到了，在内外科或/和危重症科也会再次碰到。不要弄丢你的笔记、纸质或电子识字卡及存储装置。即使这些东西看上去有些可笑或不相称，只要对你有用，那就是有用。不要犯错，忘了用你的存储设备，你一定要把它写下来。这样，在你进行另一名课程想要学习这些内容时，你就可以很快地从前面停下来的地方再次学习起来，用不着再想办法去回忆这些信息。

Once you have developed your own way of reviewing, keep to it. There are so many ways of reviewing that always sound so wonderful. Yet, they may well be theirs, hers or his. They may not be yours. They may not work so wonderfully to you as they sound. Swaying between them may rather turn out to be a waste of time. You’d better stick to the learning habit that works best for you. That’s your unique recipe for success and stick to it!
一旦有了自己的复习方法，就要坚持下去！有很多复习方法，听上去都非常不错。然而，这些访求都是属于他们的，属于他的或她的。他们唯独不属于你。对你而言，也不象听上去的那么好。徘徊来徘徊去，只会浪费时间。最好是坚持你自己的学习习惯，因为这便是你独一无二的成功秘诀。一定要坚持下去。

pharm – n. = pharmacology
pharmacology – n. 药理学
challenging – a. 具有挑战性的
frustrating – a. 挫折的，令人沮丧的
merit – n. 优点，长处
demerit – n. 缺点，短处
come across – 碰到，遇到
inside and out – 从里到外，彻底地
short cut – 捷径
flashcard – n. 识字卡，教学卡片
index card – 索引卡片
learning book – 学习本
cram – v. 塞满，填饱
drilling card – 练习卡
downtime – n. 停工期，无法工作的时间
come up – 发生，被提及，出现

 

1. The name selected by the original manufacturer based on the chemical structure of the drug is the:
A. Chemical name
B. Drug name
C. Generic name
D. Trade name
2. The interaction of one drug increased by the presence of a second drug is known as:
A. Potentiation
B. Addictive effects
C. Antagonism
D. Synergism

 

1. C. Generic name. The chemical name is the chemical name is the chemical structure of the compound. The trade name is a proprietary name owned by the company that creates and registers it. The drug name does not exist.
2. A. Potentiation. Potentiation occurs when the action of one drug is increased by the action of another. Think of two words potentiate and potential together. The potential of one drug is higher when a second drug is added to it.