在线QQ: 五斗堂面馆
    专题栏目
    专业术语
    ISPN词汇 小儿血液系统疾病
    ISPN词汇 小儿肌肉骨骼系统疾病
    出国资讯
    美国宣布重大移民改革议案取消公民...
    2017美国护士薪资调查报告新鲜出炉
    医护前沿
    《ISPN学习》总第506期
    《ISPN学习》总第505期
     
    当前位置:首页 > 医护前沿
    《ISPN学习》总第502期
    日期:2019-07-03 09:20:23    
    《ISPN学习》2019年06月26日总第502期
     
     
    相识是缘,相知是福;
    风雨兼程,不忘初心;
    有您相伴,奥医感恩。
     
    From the Programs
    From the Programs [课程选粹]栏目登载奥医网站课程材料精选,旨在帮助读者了解奥医ISPN/NCLEX-RN考试复习课程内容,并加深对考试相关内容的学习、掌握[课程详情见网站或点击阅读原文]您的需要就是我们的努力方向。谢谢)

    RN-ISPN综合复习课程上线
    《RN-ISPN综合复习讲座》4月15日起陆续上线,每周两讲,预计11月底完成。有需要者请联系ISPN周老师咨询、报名,并感谢各位向有需要的亲朋好友推荐本讲座。详情请登录网站(www.omedin.com)“备考资讯”栏目查询、试听。相关介绍在QQ群“国际护士ISPN”(群号:384099249)及微信公众号ISPN周老师(ISPN-CG)同步发布。谢谢!
     

     
     
    想提高专业英语听力吗?想边练听力边增加护理专业知识吗?Listening -- Elementary》(专业英语听力 – 初级)可助你一臂之力。
     
     
    ISPN  Review        
    Drug Allergy 药物变态反应
    A drug allergy occurs when the body forms antibodies to a particular drug, causing an immune response when the person is re-exposed to the drug. A patient cannot be allergic to a drug that has never been taken, although patients can have cross-allergies to drugs within the same drug class as one formerly taken. Many people state that they have a drug allergy because of the effects of a drug. For example, one patient stated that she was allergic to the diuretic furosemide (Lasix).
     
    身体对某种药物形成抗体,在再次接触该药物时,出现免疫应答,这就是药物变态反应(过敏)。患者不可能对从未服用过的药物出现变态反应,尽管患者可能因为以前曾服用某种药物而对该类药物出现交叉过敏。很多人称有药物过敏,其实只是药物产生的效应。例如,一患者称,她对利尿药(呋塞米)过敏,就是属于这种情况。
     
    On further questioning, the nurse discovered that the patient was “allergic” to the drug because it made her urinate frequently — the desired drug effect, but one that the patient thought was a reaction to the drug. Ask additional questions of patients who state that they have a drug “allergy” to ascertain the exact nature of the response and whether or not it is a true drug allergy. Many patients do not receive needed treatment because the response to the drug is not understood.
     
    经进一步询问,护士发现,该患者对药物“过敏”,是因为药物使她经常排尿—这其实就是药物的预期效应,而患者却认为它是药物的反应(变态反应)。多问这些声称药物“过敏”的患者一些问题,就可以弄清这些反应的确切性质,弄清这些反应是否是真正的药物过敏。很多患者不接受必要的治疗,就是因为他们不了解药物的反应。
     
    Drug allergies fall into four main classifications: anaphylactic reactions, cytotoxic reactions, serum sickness, and delayed reactions. The nurse, as the primary caregiver involved in administering drugs, must constantly assess for potential drug allergies and must be prepared to intervene appropriately.
     
    药物变态反应可分为4大类:过敏反应、细胞毒性反应、血清病和迟缓反应。作为给药的责任护理人员,护士必须不断评估潜在的药物过敏,必须做好随时进行适当的干预的准备。
     

    Anaphylactic Reaction 过敏反应
    This allergy involves an antibody that reacts with specific sites in the body to cause the release of chemicals, including histamine, that produce immediate reactions (mucous membrane swelling and constricting bronchi) that can lead to respiratory distress and even respiratory arrest.
     
    该反应指,身体特定部位作用抗体引起化学物质释放,包括组胺,从而产生即时反应(粘膜水肿、支气管缩窄),可能导致呼吸窘迫,甚至呼吸停止。
     
    Cytotoxic Reaction 细胞毒性反应
    This allergy involves antibodies that circulate in the blood and attack antigens (the drug) on cell sites, causing death of that cell. This reaction is not immediate but may be seen over a few days.
     
    该反应指,循环于血液中的抗体攻击细胞位点抗原(药物),引起该细胞死亡。这种反应不是即时的,几天以后才会返现。
     
    Serum Sickness Reaction 血清病反应
    This allergy involves antibodies that circulate in the blood and cause damage to various tissues by depositing in blood vessels. This reaction may occur up to 1 week or more after exposure to the drug.
     
    该反应指,循环于血液中的抗体沉积于血管,引起多种组织破坏。该反应可在接触药物一周后出现。
     
    Delayed Allergic Reaction 迟发性变态反应
    This reaction occurs several hours after exposure and involves antibodies that are bound to specific white blood cells.
     
    该反应在接触药物几小时后出现,与与特定白血细胞结合的抗体有关。
     
    Assessment 评估
    Anaphylactic reaction -- Hives, rash, difficulty breathing, increased BP, dilated pupils, diaphoresis, “panic” feeling, increased heart rate, respiratory arrest.
     
    过敏反应 – 荨麻疹、疹子、呼吸困难、血压上升、瞳孔散大、出汗、“惊恐“感、心率加快、呼吸停止。
     
    Cytotoxic reaction -- Complete blood count showing damage to blood-forming cells (decreased hematocrit, white blood cell count, and platelets); liver function tests show elevated liver enzymes; renal function test shows decreased renal function.
     
    细胞毒性反应 – 全血计数显示造血细胞破坏(血细胞比容、白血细胞计数和血小板计数下降);肝功能试验显示,肝酶增加;肾功能试验显示,肾功能下降。
     
    Serum sickness reaction -- Itchy rash, high fever, swollen lymph nodes, swollen and painful joints, edema of the face and limbs.
     
    血清病反应 – 疹痒、高烧、淋巴结肿、关节肿痛、脸及四肢水肿。
     
    Delayed allergic reaction -- Rash, hives, swollen joints (similar to the reaction to poison ivy).
     
    迟发性变态反应 – 起疹、荨麻疹、关节肿(类似于毒葛反应)
     
     
    Vocabulary for Today    
    drug allergy – 药物变态反应
    allergic -- a. 过敏的,变态反应的
    cross-allergies – 交叉变态反应,交叉过敏
    furosemide – n. 呋塞米
    Lasix – n. 呋塞米
    ascertain – v. 查明,弄清
    anaphylactic reactions – 过敏反应
    cytotoxic reactions – 细胞毒性反应
    serum sickness – 血清病
    delayed reactions – 迟发性变态反应
     
     
    尽快地从茫然中理清复习思路,准确地抓住复习重点,这是每一个考试复习者的一大愿望。“ISPN考试复习要点提示”即是帮您实现这一愿望的利器!该教程已在www.omedin.com陆续上线。
     
     
    Video            
    Drug Allergy
     
    Test       
    1. As a knowledgeable nurse, you know that the following are part of the five rights except:
    A. Right dose
    B. Right route
    C. Right drug
    D. Right room
    2. When performing an assessment about medication, the drug history should include:
    A. Complete vital signs
    B. Client’s goal of therapy
    C. Reason for medication
    D. Administration of OTC medications
     
    (本期答案见页底)
     
    奥医教育“在线自测”正式上线,复习练习、效果检验,奥医NCLEX-RN/ISPN题库一站完成。需要就来www.omedin.com
     
     
    本期ISPN Review答案
    1. D. Right room. Right room is not one of the five rights.The five rights are right client, route, dose, drug, and time.
    2. D. Administration of OTC medications. The nurse should determine if the client is taking any other medications, especially OTC medications because their effects are often minimized. Other choices are important part of assessment, but choice D is the most accurate answer.
     
     




    上一篇:《ISPN学习》总第501期
    下一篇:《ISPN学习》总第503期