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ISPN 复习要点提示 07 营养
日期：2020-03-17 19:22:35
Tips On How To Review For ISPN Examinations
07
Nutrition
营养
The science of nutrition is the study of how food nourishes the body. It encompasses the study of nutrients and how they are handled by the body as well as the impact of human behavior and environment on the process of nourishment. As such, disciplines of nutrition involves physiology, psychology, and socioeconomics.
Nutrients 营养素are specific biochemical substances used by the body for growth, development, activity, reproduction, lactation, health maintenance, and recovery from illness or injury. Most nutrients work better together than they do alone. Also, nutrient needs change throughout the life cycle in response to changes in body size, activity, growth, development, and state of health.
Nutrients can be grouped into six classes 6大营养素, of which, three (carbohydrates, protein, lipids [fats]) supply energy and three (vitamins, minerals, water) are needed for regulation of body processes.
Nutrients may be essential or nonessential 必需和非必需营养素. Essential nutrients are essential because they are not synthesized in the body or they are made in insufficient amounts. They must be provided in the diet or through supplements. Nonessential nutrients do not have to be supplied through dietary sources because they either are not required for body functioning or are synthesized in the body in adequate amounts.
Reviewing of this topic will be focused on nutrients and the therapeutic diets, including classification of nutrients, contents of therapeutic diets, and factors affecting nutrition. They will be discussed in three parts: (1) Classification of nutrient, (2) Therapeutic diets and their application; and (3) Vegan and vegetarian diets
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